KAZAKH YURT AS OBJECT OF GEOARCHOLOGICAL HERITAGE AND “GREEN TECHOLOGY”
Professor Muhamedrahim Kursabaev
In the conditions of general
globalization (social and economic crisis) and large-scale introduction
industrial and innovative technologies in the world sharply strengthened
positive continental integration between the states. In the course of mass and
global integration occur formation (modernization) of merge new consortium and the companies, whose
interests which are connected with an environment biodiversity. Against
enormous economic achievement and positive results in Kazakhstan and in the
world, mankind often face many environmental problems and technogenic factors
which determines associations effort for the complex solution of these problems
in planetary scale.
Emblem of the World Fair which will pass in the capital of Kazakhstan in
the city of Astana
The EXPO 2017 Astana model made the student of Turan Astana university
Daumenova of E.T (Baltabayev M. C)
"The future city" where will be
there passes the World Fair reminds a yurta form. It is planned primeney environmentally
friendly materials during infrastructure construction where the power system
has an autonomous complex construction.
Today the ecological situation in the world again faces many unresolved
problems. Despite efforts of the international
communities and the states the having best practices and tekhnology innovations
for neutralization of this problem habitat of the modern person is in constant
tension. People of the world understood
that, together with innovative achievements it is necessary to look for
alternative ways of an exit from ecological crisis. The only source of communication of the
person with world around while is air, the wood, the rivers and lakes, the
steppe and mountains.
Natural and classical way of harmonization and communication of the
person with the nature also there is a tent or the broken-off pieces of a tree.
After long work and fatigue, the noisy city and an atmospheric smoke we always
try to find the only way out to leave with tent in ukormny and quiet places of
the wild nature. In this plan whose idea about eternal need of the person of
looking for safe and harmless shelter for all cases (in time travel in
mountains, in the wood will difficult disagree with mister of Lloyd Kahn, at
emergency both emergencies and other situations) [24].
Lloyd Kahn, Shelter, USA, Amazon.com
The biology and a
natural landscape and also formation in consciousness of younger generation of
ecological culture is one of effective models of preservation development and
advance (placement in the territory the large cities, in the country and the
tourist centers) the Kazakh yurta as the effective instrument of energy saving
technology and a standard of "green technology" in the world.
Opening of Botai of culture
by scientists of the world (Botai culture in Kazakhstan) about an early
domestication of horses and development of technology of "koumiss" on
a straight line is connected with early housing designs of a yurta of botai
"жертөле". Within many
centuries "yurt yurta-nomad's" constantly became unique values of spiritual and
material culture of the protokazakh and steppe people (Aryans, Huns,
Saka-Scythian and ancient Turkey tribes).
Reconstruction of the
dwelling of the settlement Botay, (Zaybert V.F)
In the settlement Botai (Cental and North
Kazakhstan) scientists found archaeological artifacts which testifies about
early stages of an domestication of wild horses (domestication in the
Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E,
http://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/r-bendrey.aspx) in Kazakhstan
and some materials which are recorded on bases of global scientific and
technical information http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl (The
Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking. Alan K. Outram, Natalie A. Stear, Robin
Bendrey, Sandra Olsen, Alexei Kasparov, Victor Zaibert, Nick Thorpe, Richard P.
Evershed) [21]. The yurta as the mobile felt house dwelling and a military
Staff of ancient nomadov-protokazakh (Skyhtha and Hunny tribes) remains the
most convenient and practical dwelling to this day. It is necessary to consider
the Kazakh yurta as a national element of materitalny culture. Not only
Kazakhs, but also other steppe people Kalmyks, nomadic Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Mongols
and other ethnoses have a peculiar design which were created and improved under
the influence of the nature and national values.
This find, on the other hand specified a
way to truth about the first manufacturing techniques of koumiss (horse milk)
and designs mobile the felt dwelling of nomads (yurta) and about an early stage
of an domestication of wild animals who have the general korniya of
association. We understand all action of
the person as association connected with process when developing a design of
the dwelling or shelter. They are
connected with a life and behavior of society, with climatic conditions and
material and spiritual orientations, mythological representations, household
items and ceremonies, religion and a mirovozkhreniye, traditions and customs,
economy and art and other spiritual cultural values.
Basic elements of association of
Yurtology of a cluster are: native habitat of the person, tradition and
customs, religious representation, animal and flora, art and meal (food). These
elements still remain the most irreplaceable values and yurta jewelry. Associative
picture of philosophy of a yurta can respond to many answers, in particular
about yurta genesis. Tourists who will become interested with a unique design
of a yurta at first have to know about associative indissoluble feature of felt
dwellings номадов. Into associations of a yurta enter the nature, wild and
pets, a family and society, jeweler a product and crafts, an armor of the
Kazakh soldiers, a natsionadny suit and dishes.
Horse milk is an important health link.
For the first time about curative and medical property of horse milk in the
scientific works I noted Herodotus where in detail I described about a feast of
Scythian tribes which lived for Azov by sea. On a database of the world
electronic library Wikipedia writing following descriptions "Archaeological
investigations of the Botai culture of ancient Kazakstan have revealed traces
of milk in bowls from the site of Botai, suggesting the domestication of the
animal. [17] ] No specific evidence for its fermentation has yet been found, but
considering the location of the Botai culture and the nutritional properties of
mare's milk, possibility is high. Kumis is an ancient beverage. Herodotus, in
his fifth-century BC Histories, describes the Scythians processing of mare's
milk" that is confirmed ours statements.
Some ascertainings concerning horse milk,
in particular in Kazakhstan and paid attention to territories of Central Asia
in the works Marco Polo, William of Rubruck, Tolstoy L.N and other celebrities.
Koumiss as national drink of the people of the Euroasian steppe zone
drew on itself huge attention of the American researchers. In 1877 in San
Francisco A. Meyers published the monograph where it is detailed описавались
some manufacturing techniques of horse milk. It is difficult to present that
process of a yurtochny design of nomads (or protoaryan tribes)
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_domestication" was primary though
many scientists are uniform in opinion of primacy an odomashivaniye of horses
in the territory of Kazakhstan. In this plan it is necessary to pay attention
that nomads of the settlement Botay before planning schooling of wild horses,
at first constructed the dwelling. They can quite be not botayets and
representatives of protoaryan tribes who designed the first sample of the felt
dwelling. Horse koumiss milk are widespread in the world. Kazakhs, Kyrgyz,
Bashkirs, Mongols, Kalmyks even of this
time kept North American tribes of Indians curative koumiss manufacturing
techniques. Some people apply today for possession международног the status and
the patent of horse milk of "koumiss". Horse milk is to this day in
huge demand. Though sets the enterprise for production of horse milk koumiss
are created, it is necessary to recognize that natural processing of production
of organic drink remains a riddle. It is proved that environmentally friendly
made horse milk possesses surprising chemical and biological property and can
replace medical preparations and pharmaceutics for treatment and prevention
against a different type of a disease.
Herd of wild horses
in mountains Tarbagatay, July 2012, (www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlWmZO1
9Lio).
Animal and flora are historically connected
with history of development of a yurtochny design. In the course of research work we carried out
discussion in a mode of virtual communication (http://mr_kursabaev.yvision.kz/post/317126
The Kazakh High Land (Steppe) – the native land of felt dwellings Nomad of the
world) the organized Turan Astana university where collected materials became
the main criteria for adoption of the historical decision on culture of Botai,
horse koumiss milk, the felt dwelling (yurta) of nomads and other difficult
concepts. During occupation with
students we dopolnitelno study historical experience of our ancestors connected
with fauna (http://doc.nlrk.kz/result/ebook_90/index.html#ps) and we make the
list of test questions. By drawing up a
question we chose the most elementary concepts and terms from oral national
creativity and from work of writers and scientists.
The Kazakh national
patterns in suits.
Life of animals and
birds, who found the reflections in the Kazakh ornaments and patterns (for
example arhar-myiz) have century communications with a yurta. The Kazakh
national patterns (ouy-ornek) is one of
main elementy registrations of design of a yurta. They share on geomorfny,
astramorfny, ornitomorfny, zoomorfny and other types. Patterns put on a carpet,
in national suits, in текеметах and other products express a psikhicheky
condition of the master or the customer. During a national holiday or mass
meeting on the occasion of a tragic event the put patterns in national suits or
in other materials corresponded to a subject of this action.
Geoglyphs in
Turgaysky steppes (Ush-togay). Dmitry Day
Kursabaev Muhamedrahim
THE TASKESKEN’S PETROGLIPHS. Article’s
by professor
MuhamedrahimKursabaev. http://mr_kursabaev.yvi.kz/post/243516/
As unique example the settlement Taskesken
(ridge Tarbagaytay) can serve stone drawings near. According to the assumption
for "taskeskenovets" these places had not only for economic activity
improvement, on the other hand had cultural and mythological value. On the
writing of stone drawings it is visible that they trusted in svekhestestvenny
forces. Drawings generally carried zoomorfny associative decisions. From them
the special place was taken by a camel and a deer the 7th horns. Deep
pokleneniye to the powerful force of fauna as the protototemistichesky
beginning human outlook artists wanted to report thoughts т.е tradition of the
generation. Relf and landscapes of a steppe zone have often something in common
with plateaus. To stone object from them remind a yurta form.
Hill for supervision of a panorama of military action near Sara-Ozek
settlement.
From this
judgment it is necessary to draw a conclusion that ancient people in force of
the different reasons (natural cataclysm, tectonic breaks, an earthquake,
пожароа and droughts, floods) eating meat and putting on a shestvo of animals,
considered these phenomena as as a gift of supernatural forces. These first religizno-mythological ideas had
not only cult тотемистические traditions of ancient "taskeskenovets",
in turn gave the chance to emergence of empirical concept of philosophical and
religious representation about world around in the form of expression of stone
monuments.
In this plan it is
necessary to pay special attention to parallels of a design of the dwelling the
settlement Botay from surprising similarity on natural landscapes which often
meet on a platform of the Kazakh melkolsopochnik (The Kazakh high land Steppe).
In Sara Arch many plains and deserts Betpak-Dala dome-shaped plateaus which
have surprising similarity with the felt dwelling nomads often meet.
Hills in the desert
Betpak-Dala remind a yurta
Panoramma of
dome-shaped hills and a height on kratinka once again proves that genesis
yurtochny designs have century communications which directly had huge influence
when developing the construction plan of a yurt.
By some scientists it is proved that, the
culture of Botay is the homeland of the first horse breeders and manufacturers
of horse drink koumiss. They also are
representatives of the first designers of felt dwellings. They built the dwelling mobile, conveniently
and quickly. At first dug the earth,
filled up sand, after over it shifted long pines and covered with horse
skins. Kazakhs call it zher-roofing felt
(jer-tole).
General view
settlement Botay
We noted in the work
about unique harmonization of a yurtochny design and their association
бесбармака, a horse, horse milk, clothes, household items and other cultural
and material values which surprise many tourists and scientists to this day.
Associative maintenance of all above-mentioned occupying steppe zones and
landscapes of Eurasia open wide prospect of revision about development of an
early civilization of protoaryan and protokazakh tribes. Nauny interpretation
"Besbarmak, dish consisting of boiled horse or mutton meat, is the most
popular Kazakh dish. It is also called "five fingers" because of the
way it is eaten. The chunks of boiled meat are cut and served by the host in
order of the guests’ importance.
Besbarmak is usually eaten with a boiled pasta
sheet and a meat broth called shorpa," once again proves to and is
traditionally served in Kazakh bowls called kese continuity of national culture
with genesis of felt dwellings, a life and economic activity of early nomads (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine).
www.nomadshelter.com
/ nomadger@alaska.net
kathy@blueridgeyurts.com
,sharon@blueridgeyurts.com
www.lfy.caEmail: info@lfy.ca
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/323/5919/1332
, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/323/5919/1332/DC1,
Таскескен
танбалары жане Найман-кала тарихы. (Taskesken
tanbalary jane Naiman-qala tarihy). Article’s
by professor Muhamedrahim Kursabaev,
http://doc.nlrk.kz/result/ebook_90/index.html#ps.
Look the comment by Wikipedia:
«What is a Yurt? A
Yurt is known as a Ger in Mongolia, or a Boyuz in Kyrgyzstan. The word Yurt
itself is derived from Russian origins. The modern use of the word is to refer
to a circular trellis-walled portable shelter.Yurts are traditional dwellings
from central Asia that have been in use for hundreds if not thousands of years.
There are several
varieties of Yurt and all share the essential circular shape, trellis walls,
and roof poles radiating from a central wheel. Traditionally they were covered
in felt sections though felt alone is only suitable in dry climates. Hence most
modern Yurts have canvas covers with felt being used for insulating layers.
Practical: The Yurts ancient design has
survived the ages due to its immensely practical nature. It is portable and
easy to install, being traditionally transported on horseback by nomadic
herders. The harsh climate and extreme temperatures of the Asian steppe
required a shelter that is stable in strong winds, well insulated, sustainable
and comfortable. The Yurt has all these characteristics.
Hearthworks Yurts: Hearthworks journey
with Yurts began over five years ago with our first Yurt made from coppiced
hazel with an ash roof wheel and oak door frame. Our Yurts are styled on the
traditional Khazakh nomadic Yurts with steam bent roof poles and lightweight
roof wheels. As well as making many fine Yurts for sale we have built up a
lovely collection of Yurts for hire ranging from 12-32ft diameter. The larger
Yurts make ideal outdoor event spaces for weddings and parties, especially when
they are finished with Hearthworks luxurious range of fine furnishings.
Materials: We now make our Yurt frames
from locally sourced Ash – a durable traditional hardwood. All the wood is
steam bent and fixed with pre-stretched nylon cord. We use coppiced hazel for
the bracing on the roof wheel. We can also make the frames to your
specifications, for example from Oak, or from coppiced Ash.
The covers are made
from the best quality 12 oz/yd2 Cotton Canvas that is proofed against fire,
water and rot. The main canvas is usually natural cotton colour but we can
provide coloured trim on the roof wheel cover and valance.
A Hearthworks Yurt cover consist of:
Fitted canvas roof cover with double valance (flap ) around the edge under
which the walls attach.
Peg loops from nylon
webbing with pre-stretched nylon cord and Ash pegs.
Wall sections from
canvas with turn button fasteners on the door, and PVC strip around the bottom
section.
Roof-wheel cover from
star-shaped canvas with clear vinyl central circle. Ties from nylon cord with
Ash pegs.
http://www.chrisblade.com/p767764047/h266BAB5E#h266bab5e.
A traditional Kyrgyzstan felt yurt
Customize. Decking
Floors: You can customize your Yurt with features such as additional doorways,
windows in the side wall, coloured canvas design, wood stove and flooring.
Hearthworks offers exquisite decking flooring for Yurts that can be made in
easy to bolt together sections. In our circular design the decking radiates out
from the center. We can also make more simple wooden platforms from exterior
plywood. You can choose to have decking made from either sustainable hardwood
or pine, both of which are ideal for a permanent pitch. Please contact us for
further details and prices of our range of wooden flooring.
Woodburning Stoves:
We are now offering a great selection of Wood burning Stoves that come complete
with flue pipe and silica roof plates.
Kyrgyz Yurts. Traditionally the Kyrgyz were
nomadic shepherds who lived in yurts and migrated seasonally with all their
flocks. The yurt with its entire household was transported by horses or camels.
The walls of yurt and the floor were covered with felt rugs (shyrdak) and felt
carpets . The walls were decorated with reedy rugs (chij) that protected a yurt
from wind and could be displaced easily. Since that time the size, the shape
and the yurt inside have not been changed. The yurts are still used by
shepherds in summer and for all year round it is used for traditional events.
Hearthworks are proud
to be the sole U.K provider of traditional Kyrgyz Yurts. We are offering the
full range of handcrafted frames, reed walls, felt covers and flooring,
decorations and yak skin rugs.
A Kyrgyz yurt, is
taller than the British yurt, with a steeper roof and smaller circumference.
The Kyrgyz willow frame has more roof poles and trellis wood to withstand the
harsh conditions in Central Asia. This makes the Kyrgyz Yurts more robust and
ideal for a permanent pitch.
Materials: Yurt Frame: Consists of Roof
Wheel (Tunduk), Door Frame (Kashek), Roof Poles (Uuk) and Trellis (Kerege). The
Frame is from steam bent willow and can be painted red or finished from linseed
oil. All fixings are from rawhide with metal bolts on the wheels.
Felt Cover: Complete Yurt cover from 100%
pure sheep’s wool. It comes in separate sections for the roof and wall and is
complete with hand woven woolen rope. This is available in natural grey colour
only.
Felt Decoration: This decorative Yurt
accessory is known as a ‘Javyk Bash’ and consists of a colourful band of appliquéd
feltwork. This surrounds the base of the roof section and the traditional
patterns are visible from inside – creating a beautiful and authentic feel to
the Yurt interior. Natural colours are also available.
Reed Walls: Known as ‘Chiy’. These walls of woven reed go
between the Trellis and Felt Cover. The reeds are wrapped individually with
wool to create bold, tribal designs that are seen through the Trellis walls.
Felt Flooring: Complete circular felt floor
that fits the Yurt exactly. This is made of different sections of ‘Shyrdak’
(appliquéd feltwork). It features the traditional Kyrgyz designs and is
available in natural or bright colours. This is probably the most exquisite
flooring available for a Yurt.
Tradition. Although styles of architecture
and city planning come and It is not possible to say which of the ancient
nomadic tribes originally developed the traditional Yurt desig — but it is
still in use by people throughout Central Asia and plays an important role in
the lifestyle of the Kyrgyz people, the yurt remains a stable and lasting link
with the past.
The number of his
subjects in a traditional village was measured by counting the number of
columns of smoke that would rise from each yurt. This technique is still used
in Kyrgyz villages to count the number of households — even though in most
modern villages the people live in brick houses.
For their yurts a
family needs between 130 and 170 kilograms of wool and a family needs a flock
of at least thirty-three sheep a year for basic sustenance.
The shepherds usually
set up their yurts on high ground, from where they can easily oversee their
livestock, and watch the surrounding world. They can also be seen in valleys
beside a mountain stream. In autumn and winter, windless spots that lacked
heavy snowfalls were preferred.
The Tunduk is an
essential symbol of the Kyrgyz and was chosen as part of the emblem to
represent the nation on the national flag. From the outside the yurt is covered
by the reed walls. Finally the nearly finished structure is covered with a
specially prepared thick felt.Usually a yurt is covered by several layers of
felt — each layer fixed by strong strings to poles dug into the ground around
the yurt.
The tyunduk is partially covered with a
felt mat, which in the daytime and in clear weather is folded back, whilst in
the cold or rainy season can shut tightly against the hole in the roof and so
preventing wind and rain from penetrating into the interior.
In stormy weather the
occupants attach fine lassos to the ceiling. They are often mistaken for
decoration, as their ends are large tassels of multi coloured threads hanging
down from the tunduk. However, if necessary, they can be pulled down and
attached to the poles in the middle of the yurt — which adds strength to the
structure and helps it to withstand even very powerful storms.
The Kyrgyz refer to
the yurt as the ‘grey house’. In ancient times ordinary nomads could not use
the best quality felt to cover their yurts and they used the wool remains of
black and grey colours. The khan's yurts would be dressed in snow-white felt
and were called ‘ag-orgo’ or white yurts.
Although most Kyrgyz now live
in high-rise apartment blocks, they have a special affection for the yurt.
Often, on the occasion of a birthday a yurt will be set up and guests invited.
The yurt is also a place where the Kyrgyz gather for the funeral of their
relatives», written the word. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurt
«A yurt is a portable, bent wood-framed dwelling structure traditionally
used by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. The structure comprises a crown
or compression wheel (tüýnük) usually steam bent, supported by roof ribs which
are bent down at the end where they meet the lattice wall (again steam bent).
The top of the wall is prevented from spreading by means of a tension band
which opposes the force of the roof ribs. The structure is usually covered by
layers of fabric and sheep's wool felt for insulation and weatherproofing. Yurt - originally from a Turkic word referring to the
imprint left in the ground by a moved yurt, and by extension, sometimes a
person's homeland, kinsmen, or feudal appanage. The term came to be used in
reference to the physical tent-like dwellings only in other languages. In
modern Turkish the word "yurt" is used as the synonym of homeland or
a dormitory. In Russian the structure is called "yurta" (юрта), whence the word came into English.
Jurta is what
Hungarians whose origins are in Central Asia use for Yurt.киізүй (transliterated: kïiz üy) – theKazakh
word, and means "felt house".бозүй (transliterated: boz üy) - the Kyrgyz term is meaning "grey
house", because of the color of the felt. Аk öý and gara öý - In Turkmen the term is both
literally "white house" and "black house", depending on its
luxury and elegance.Гэр
(transliterated: ger) - in Mongolian simply means
"home"."Kherga"/"Jirga" - Afghans call them
."Kheymah" (خیمه) is the word for a yurt or a tent like dwelling in Pakistan, from the
Urdu (and Persian) :خیمه In Persian yurt is called xeyme (خیمه), in Tajik
the names are yurt, xona-i siyoh, xayma (юрт, хонаисиёҳ, хайма).
Traditional yurts consist of an expanding wooden
circular frame carrying a felt cover. The felt is made from the wool of the
flocks of sheep that accompany the pastoralists. The timber to make the
external structure is not to be found on the treeless steppes, and must be
obtained by trade in the valleys below.
The frame consists of
one or more expanding lattice wall-sections, a door-frame, bent roof poles and
a crown. The Mongolian Ger has one or more columns to support the crown and
straight roof poles. The (self-supporting) wood frame is covered with pieces of
felt. Depending on availability, the felt is additionally covered with canvas
and/or sun-covers. The frame is held together with one or more ropes or
ribbons. The structure is kept under compression by the weight of the covers,
sometimes supplemented by a heavy weight hung from the center of the roof. They
vary with different sizes, and relative weight.The traditional decoration
within a yurt is primarily pattern based. These patterns are generally not
according to taste, but are derived from sacred ornaments with certain
symbolism. Symbols representing strength are among the most common, including
the khas (swastika) and four powerful beasts (lion, tiger, garuda and dragon),
as well as stylized representations of the five elements (fire, water, earth,
metal, and wood), considered to be the fundamental, unchanging elements of the
cosmos. Such patterns are commonly used in the home with the belief that they
will bring strength and offer protection.
Repeating geometric
patterns are also widely used. The most widespread geometric pattern is the
continuous hammer or walking pattern (alkhan khee). Commonly used as a border
decoration it represents unending strength and constant movement. Another
common pattern is the ulzii which as a symbol of long life and happiness. The
khamar ugalz (nose pattern) and ever ugalz (horn pattern) are derived from the
shape of the animal's nose and horns, and are the oldest traditional patterns.
All patterns can be found among not only the yurts themselves, but also on
embroidery, furniture, books, clothing, doors, and other objects.
The wooden crown of the
yurt (Mongolian: тооно, [tɔːn]; Kazakh: шаңырақ [ʃɑɴərɑ́q]; Kyrgyz: түндүк [tyndýk]; Turkmen:
tüýnük) is itself emblematic in many Central Asian cultures. In old Kazakh
communities, the yurt itself would often be repaired and rebuilt, but the
shangrak would remain intact, passed from father to son upon the father's
death. A family's length of heritage could be measured by the accumulation of
stains on the shangrak from decades of smoke passing through it. A stylized
version of the crown is in the center of the coat of arms of Kazakhstan, and
forms the main image on the flag of KyrgyzstanToday the yurt is seen as a
nationalistic symbol among many Central Asian groups, and as such, yurts may be
used as cafés (especially those specialising in traditional food), museums
(especially relating to national culture), and souvenir shops.Buddhist symbol
dharmachakra is represented by the khorlo (Tib: འཀོར་ལོ།) toono. Other Buddhist
symbols--khadag (Tib: ཁ་བཏགས་) hangs from the toono and dpaljibeu (Tib: དཔལ་གྱི་བེའུ) is present on the stove.
The design of the Mongolian
Ger developed from its ancient simple forms to actively integrate with Buddhist
culture. The crown—toono adopted the shape of Dharmachakra. The earlier style
of toono, nowadays more readily found in Central Asian yurts, is called in
Mongolia "sarkhinag toono" while the toono representing Buddhist
dharmachakra is called "khorlo" (Tibetan འཀོར་ལོ།) toono. Also the shapes, colors and ornaments of the wooden
elements—toono, pillars and poles of the Mongolian yurt are in accord with the
artistic style found in Buddhist monasteries of Mongolia. Such yurts are called
"uyangiin ger" -- literally meaning "home of lyrics" or
"home of melodies"» practically repeat terms
and elements of a yurt design nomads in the Steppe zone of Eurasia [15].
The communication platform on
portale http://www.bal-turan.kz/content/kiiz-yi quite successfully describes basic
elements of a design of the Kazakh yurt.
Description of details of the Kazakh yurta
completely coincide with research materials which the academic of AlkeyMargulan
had.
Proceeding from the following
material and based on research works of scientists and fans of this material we
decided to describe some details of the Kazakh yurta in detail.
Basis the
element of a yurta is "Yurtsyiek"
- a yurt bone. There "Kerege" - slanting wood-stick lattices (1),
after "Uyq" - the long
bent sticks reminding beams of the sun
(2), and the main sacred subject of a yurt of "Shanyrak" - reminding a roof of the world (3) and wooden
"Esik" door enter.
"Kerege" reminding a cage of a human body is an indisputable element connecting
life and activity of the person with world around. The place of each linking of
"Kerege" is called as "Zheli"
(1). If it muddy that carries the name "Eris" if nedinny "Balashyq",
and short call "Saganaq".
The word
"Shanyrak" has
philosophical value for the Kazakh. It is border of communication of the person
with space. The yurt complex depends on it all structures and reliability
architectural where is capable to sustain to the snow layer 2nd tone. It is
made from strong trees of "Aq-kaiyn"
(silver birch) and "Sambi tal"
where generally grow near the river. The bent sticks of "Kuldreuish" consists from 3 to 8 branches (2). "Togyn" (1) rounded a silver birch
with dredging similar to eyes of the person of "Kozi" (4) takes a special place. Wooden linking of "Beriktik" (3) the real support for
"Shanyrak".
"Uyq" - the long bent
sticks reminding beams of the sun the sheep and cows of "Uyqbau" (5) and an extreme bend of
a shoulder of a stick of "Uyqiygy"
(2) has the bend-framed form "Dogalay" (1) with small ropes
processed of a skin.
Distance between "Uyq" and "Shanyrak" is
called "Kary" (3) and the
sharp end of a stick which is tied on "Shanyrak" has the name "Qalam". The tree of a yurt of
"Esik" or "Sykyrlauyq" has forward part of
"Mandaisha" (1) wooden rack of "Bosaga", the lower part of
"Zhaktau" (4) and a poddvernik of "Tabaldyryk" (5). The
word "Tabaldyryk" has magic and philosophical values.
In the course of research
methods of the scientific and experimental and scientific and analytical
direction (a choice of scientific subjects, analysis, classification of
scientific development and research subjects, fixing of similar subjects and
experimental works, visit of museums, sociological poll, analysis of comments,
conversation and questioning, participation in webinars and discussion etc.)
were used.
Philosophical and an ecologo conseption of a yurta became
object of research of many of a scientific world where the main component is
mathematical modeling of a design which are made from environmentally friendly
materials (the wood, biological waste of animals, wool, a bone, a bush, a
skin). Today in the world the yurt is
object of travel business. In Alaska
(USA), vangliya, in Australia and in many countries are developed business
plans for advance of yurt tourism as effective instrument of energy saving
technology.
Kazakhstan as the homeland of
felt dwellings nomads the world has to become a leader of this project. The yurt as a unique design is inseparably
linked with associative to
components: ethnic cuisine,
ethnomusical instruments, national suits and patterns, jeweler and applied
arts, a meal and an armor, tradition and customs and oral national which are accompanied in the course of
implementation of this project.
We consider, expedient
promotion of this project in society making use of centuries-old experience and
an ethnocultural heritage of nomadic ethnoses of the world (Kazakh, Kyrgyz,
Mongol, Uzbek, Kalmyk the Turkmen, Afgan, the American indians, the African
tribes, Eskimos etc.) and as an effective solution of "society
greening" on purpose Vlad's introduction for implementation of the global
program of "green technology".
Due to the above materials us
the perspective and constructive solution of this problem that became a basis
for identification of the purpose and a problem of our research moves forward.
Main objectives of the project:
- on the basis of scientific materials and empirical national
(nonconventional) knowledge of environment to develop model of the Kazakh yurt
as the effective instrument of energy saving technology in the world of the
tourist industry;
- to design modern system of a
tourist product on the basis of a classical architectural design of the Kazakh
yurt as standard of "green technology";
Main objectives:
- placement (classical design, construction, reconstruction) the yurt
small town (residential district) in the territory of the World Fair "EXRO
2017 Astana Kazakhstan", in the large cities and the tourist centers; idea
advance "Yurt tourism" in the science world;
- creation of a museum of history
of the Kazakh yurt and felt dwellings nomads the world (the project is
attached);
- carrying out international conference "Kazakh steppe homeland of
felt dwellings nomads world";
- release electronic and scientific educational and methodical a grant
for school students and "Yurtology" students;
The list of the used literatures and the Internet of resources
3. «Roger Jones Golf & Leisure Ltd» (USA), Innovative Tourisn Advisors
(THR), «Системный план развития
туризма зоны Кендерли», Презентация окончательного отчета, System Plan for Tourism Development in the
Kenderli Area,SKS Studio+SB Architects+Roger Jones Golf & Leisure Ltd, 16.11.2012
4.«Системный план развития туризма зоны Кендерли»,
Презентация окончательного отчета, System
Plan for Tourism Development in the Kenderli Area,SKS Studio+SB
Architects+Roger Jones Golf & Leisure Ltd, 16.11.2012)
5. «Мастер план
кластерной программы развития туризма Восточно-Казахстанской области, Presentation
East Kazakhstan Report part, Iter Persona Kosmos (IPK) Barbara Postel, Rudolf
Viеnands (Germany),
9. Туристік сфера және Интернет жүйесі. Мыркасымова Г.Н.
магистр, Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ, І Республикалық «ЕХРО 2017 және балалар»
оқушылар мен студенттердің ғылыми жобалар сайысының материалдары. Астана, 2013,
325 бет.http://www.facebook.com/pages
10. http://mr_kursabaev.yvision.kz/post/317126. The Kazakh High Land (Steppe) – the native land of felt dwellings Nomad of the world.Модераторы Аяпбекова А.Е, Габдуллина М.Х, Курсабаев М.К, Университет «Туран-Астана»(29.01.2013).
11. Шаңырақ : Үй-тұрмыстық энциклопедиясы. Алматы :
Қаз.Сов.энцикл.Бас ред., 1990 ISBN 5-89800-008-9
12. Орысша-қазақша түсіндірме сөздік: Механика / Жалпы
редакциясын басқарған э.ғ.д., профессор Е. Арын - Павлодар : «ЭКО»ҒӨФ. 2007.-29
1 б. ISBN 9965-08-234-0
13. Отырар. Энциклопедия. – Алматы. «Арыс» баспасы, 2005
ISBN 9965-17-272-2
17. Маргулан А.Х.
Казахская юрта и ее убранство, М: 1970
18. Курсабаев
М.К. Астана көнеарий тайпалары мекені.Казах-нама.Qazaq-nama. Шығармалар жинағы,
314-323 бет, Астана, 2008, 506 бет, http://doc.nlrk.kz/result/ebook_90/index.html#ps.
19."The
exploitation of horses at Botai, Kazakhstan". In Levine, Marsha; Renfrew,
Colin; Boyle, Katie. Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse.
Cambridge: McDonald Institute. pp. 83–104. ISBN 1-902937-09-0.
20.Bendry, Robin
(2007). "New methods for the identification of evidence for bitting on
horse remains from archaeological sites". Journal of Archaeological
Science 34 (7): 1036–1050.
21.The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking. Alan K.
Outram,Natalie A. Stear,Robin Bendrey,Sandra Olsen,Alexei Kasparov,Victor
Zaibert, Nick Thorpe,Richard P. Evershed. http://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/r-bendrey.aspx
22.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Treatise_on_Koumiss.jpg .Scan of the title page of 1877 book A Treaty on
Koumiss' or, Milk Champagne: The great Russian remedy for wasting,
debilitating, and nervous diseases. Written by A. Meyers, published in San
Francisco, U.S.A.
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