суббота, 7 сентября 2013 г.

KAZAKH YURT AS OBJECT OF GEOARCHOLOGICAL HERITAGE AND “GREEN TECHOLOGY”



KAZAKH YURT AS OBJECT OF GEOARCHOLOGICAL HERITAGE AND “GREEN TECHOLOGY” 
Professor Muhamedrahim Kursabaev

      In the conditions of general globalization (social and economic crisis) and large-scale introduction industrial and innovative technologies in the world sharply strengthened positive continental integration between the states. In the course of mass and global integration occur formation (modernization) of  merge new consortium and the companies, whose interests which are connected with an environment biodiversity. Against enormous economic achievement and positive results in Kazakhstan and in the world, mankind often face many environmental problems and technogenic factors which determines associations effort for the complex solution of these problems in planetary scale.


Emblem of the World Fair which will pass in the capital of Kazakhstan in the city of Astana

The decision of the World committee on carrying out the international exhibition "EXPO 2017" in the capital of Kazakhstan became an important era not only in the republic but also beyond its limits. The choice of Kazakhstan didn't become a casual event. Presidency of Kazakhstan in OSCE, the Winter Olympic Games of the Asian countries which are giving out achievements of the Kazakhstan Olympians in London 2012 and also new approach to the solution of environmental problems in the region with application of modern achievement of energy saving to technology in all spheres of modern society became object of close attention of many countries. As a result of ballot on the 152nd General Assembly of the International bureau of exhibitions the capital of Kazakhstan, having gathered a majority of votes, I outstripped the Belgian city of Liege and it was declared by the venue "EXPO-2017" [23].



The EXPO 2017 Astana model made the student of Turan Astana university Daumenova of E.T (Baltabayev M. C)

    "The future city" where will be there passes the World Fair reminds a yurta form.  It is planned primeney environmentally friendly materials during infrastructure construction where the power system has an autonomous complex construction.  Today the ecological situation in the world again faces many unresolved problems.  Despite efforts of the international communities and the states the having best practices and tekhnology innovations for neutralization of this problem habitat of the modern person is in constant tension.  People of the world understood that, together with innovative achievements it is necessary to look for alternative ways of an exit from ecological crisis.  The only source of communication of the person with world around while is air, the wood, the rivers and lakes, the steppe and mountains.
     Natural and classical way of harmonization and communication of the person with the nature also there is a tent or the broken-off pieces of a tree. After long work and fatigue, the noisy city and an atmospheric smoke we always try to find the only way out to leave with tent in ukormny and quiet places of the wild nature. In this plan whose idea about eternal need of the person of looking for safe and harmless shelter for all cases (in time travel in mountains, in the wood will difficult disagree with mister of Lloyd Kahn, at emergency both emergencies and other situations) [24].



Lloyd Kahn, Shelter, USA, Amazon.com

The biology and a natural landscape and also formation in consciousness of younger generation of ecological culture is one of effective models of preservation development and advance (placement in the territory the large cities, in the country and the tourist centers) the Kazakh yurta as the effective instrument of energy saving technology and a standard of "green technology" in the world.
     Opening of Botai of culture by scientists of the world (Botai culture in Kazakhstan) about an early domestication of horses and development of technology of "koumiss" on a straight line is connected with early housing designs of a yurta of botai "жертөле".  Within many centuries "yurt yurta-nomad's" constantly  became unique values of spiritual and material culture of the protokazakh and steppe people (Aryans, Huns, Saka-Scythian and ancient Turkey tribes).



Reconstruction of the dwelling of the settlement Botay, (Zaybert V.F)


      In the settlement Botai (Cental and North Kazakhstan) scientists found archaeological artifacts which testifies about early stages of an domestication of wild horses (domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E, http://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/r-bendrey.aspx) in Kazakhstan and some materials which are recorded on bases of global scientific and technical information http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl (The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking. Alan K. Outram, Natalie A. Stear, Robin Bendrey, Sandra Olsen, Alexei Kasparov, Victor Zaibert, Nick Thorpe, Richard P. Evershed) [21]. The yurta as the mobile felt house dwelling and a military Staff of ancient nomadov-protokazakh (Skyhtha and Hunny tribes) remains the most convenient and practical dwelling to this day. It is necessary to consider the Kazakh yurta as a national element of materitalny culture. Not only Kazakhs, but also other steppe people Kalmyks, nomadic Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Mongols and other ethnoses have a peculiar design which were created and improved under the influence of the nature and national values.
    This find, on the other hand specified a way to truth about the first manufacturing techniques of koumiss (horse milk) and designs mobile the felt dwelling of nomads (yurta) and about an early stage of an domestication of wild animals who have the general korniya of association.  We understand all action of the person as association connected with process when developing a design of the dwelling or shelter.  They are connected with a life and behavior of society, with climatic conditions and material and spiritual orientations, mythological representations, household items and ceremonies, religion and a mirovozkhreniye, traditions and customs, economy and art and other spiritual cultural values.
      Basic elements of association of Yurtology of a cluster are: native habitat of the person, tradition and customs, religious representation, animal and flora, art and meal (food). These elements still remain the most irreplaceable values and yurta jewelry. Associative picture of philosophy of a yurta can respond to many answers, in particular about yurta genesis. Tourists who will become interested with a unique design of a yurta at first have to know about associative indissoluble feature of felt dwellings номадов. Into associations of a yurta enter the nature, wild and pets, a family and society, jeweler a product and crafts, an armor of the Kazakh soldiers, a natsionadny suit and dishes.
     Horse milk is an important health link. For the first time about curative and medical property of horse milk in the scientific works I noted Herodotus where in detail I described about a feast of Scythian tribes which lived for Azov by sea. On a database of the world electronic library Wikipedia writing following descriptions "Archaeological investigations of the Botai culture of ancient Kazakstan have revealed traces of milk in bowls from the site of Botai, suggesting the domestication of the animal. [17] ] No specific evidence for its fermentation has yet been found, but considering the location of the Botai culture and the nutritional properties of mare's milk, possibility is high. Kumis is an ancient beverage. Herodotus, in his fifth-century BC Histories, describes the Scythians processing of mare's milk" that is confirmed ours statements.     
    Some ascertainings concerning horse milk, in particular in Kazakhstan and paid attention to territories of Central Asia in the works Marco Polo, William of Rubruck, Tolstoy L.N and other celebrities.
    


Koumiss as national drink of the people of the Euroasian steppe zone drew on itself huge attention of the American researchers. In 1877 in San Francisco A. Meyers published the monograph where it is detailed описавались some manufacturing techniques of horse milk. It is difficult to present that process of a yurtochny design of nomads (or protoaryan tribes) "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_domestication" was primary though many scientists are uniform in opinion of primacy an odomashivaniye of horses in the territory of Kazakhstan. In this plan it is necessary to pay attention that nomads of the settlement Botay before planning schooling of wild horses, at first constructed the dwelling. They can quite be not botayets and representatives of protoaryan tribes who designed the first sample of the felt dwelling. Horse koumiss milk are widespread in the world. Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Bashkirs, Mongols, Kalmyks even  of this time kept North American tribes of Indians curative koumiss manufacturing techniques. Some people apply today for possession международног the status and the patent of horse milk of "koumiss". Horse milk is to this day in huge demand. Though sets the enterprise for production of horse milk koumiss are created, it is necessary to recognize that natural processing of production of organic drink remains a riddle. It is proved that environmentally friendly made horse milk possesses surprising chemical and biological property and can replace medical preparations and pharmaceutics for treatment and prevention against a different type of a disease.


Herd of wild horses in mountains Tarbagatay, July 2012, (www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlWmZO1 9Lio).
    Animal and flora are historically connected with history of development of a yurtochny design.  In the course of research work we carried out discussion in a mode of virtual communication (http://mr_kursabaev.yvision.kz/post/317126 The Kazakh High Land (Steppe) – the native land of felt dwellings Nomad of the world) the organized Turan Astana university where collected materials became the main criteria for adoption of the historical decision on culture of Botai, horse koumiss milk, the felt dwelling (yurta) of nomads and other difficult concepts.  During occupation with students we dopolnitelno study historical experience of our ancestors connected with fauna (http://doc.nlrk.kz/result/ebook_90/index.html#ps) and we make the list of test questions.   By drawing up a question we chose the most elementary concepts and terms from oral national creativity and from work of writers and scientists.  

The Kazakh national patterns in suits.

Life of animals and birds, who found the reflections in the Kazakh ornaments and patterns (for example arhar-myiz) have century communications with a yurta. The Kazakh national patterns  (ouy-ornek) is one of main elementy registrations of design of a yurta. They share on geomorfny, astramorfny, ornitomorfny, zoomorfny and other types. Patterns put on a carpet, in national suits, in текеметах and other products express a psikhicheky condition of the master or the customer. During a national holiday or mass meeting on the occasion of a tragic event the put patterns in national suits or in other materials corresponded to a subject of this action.


Geoglyphs in Turgaysky steppes (Ush-togay). Dmitry Day

National patterns are closely connected with mythological and religious representations of the historical and cultural last people. One of the main factors is stone drawings (petroglyphs) and space ornaments (geoglyphs). In Turgay steppes of Kazakhstan in the settlement of "Ush-togay" there is a set of types of patterns and drawings, which пожожи on the Kazakh national patterns of "Ouy-ornek". Many drawings often represent fauna life, in particular wild animal sheep arkhar, a horse and camels.

Kursabaev Muhamedrahim THE TASKESKEN’S PETROGLIPHS. Article’s  by  professor MuhamedrahimKursabaev.  http://mr_kursabaev.yvi.kz/post/243516/

     As unique example the settlement Taskesken (ridge Tarbagaytay) can serve stone drawings near. According to the assumption for "taskeskenovets" these places had not only for economic activity improvement, on the other hand had cultural and mythological value. On the writing of stone drawings it is visible that they trusted in svekhestestvenny forces. Drawings generally carried zoomorfny associative decisions. From them the special place was taken by a camel and a deer the 7th horns. Deep pokleneniye to the powerful force of fauna as the protototemistichesky beginning human outlook artists wanted to report thoughts т.е tradition of the generation. Relf and landscapes of a steppe zone have often something in common with plateaus. To stone object from them remind a yurta form.


Hill for supervision of a panorama of military action near Sara-Ozek settlement.

From this judgment it is necessary to draw a conclusion that ancient people in force of the different reasons (natural cataclysm, tectonic breaks, an earthquake, пожароа and droughts, floods) eating meat and putting on a shestvo of animals, considered these phenomena as as a gift of supernatural forces.  These first religizno-mythological ideas had not only cult тотемистические traditions of ancient "taskeskenovets", in turn gave the chance to emergence of empirical concept of philosophical and religious representation about world around in the form of expression of stone monuments.
In this plan it is necessary to pay special attention to parallels of a design of the dwelling the settlement Botay from surprising similarity on natural landscapes which often meet on a platform of the Kazakh melkolsopochnik (The Kazakh high land Steppe). In Sara Arch many plains and deserts Betpak-Dala dome-shaped plateaus which have surprising similarity with the felt dwelling nomads often meet. 


Hills in the desert Betpak-Dala remind a yurta

Panoramma of dome-shaped hills and a height on kratinka once again proves that genesis yurtochny designs have century communications which directly had huge influence when developing the construction plan of a yurt.

     By some scientists it is proved that, the culture of Botay is the homeland of the first horse breeders and manufacturers of horse drink koumiss.  They also are representatives of the first designers of felt dwellings.  They built the dwelling mobile, conveniently and quickly.  At first dug the earth, filled up sand, after over it shifted long pines and covered with horse skins.  Kazakhs call it zher-roofing felt (jer-tole). 

General view settlement Botay

We noted in the work about unique harmonization of a yurtochny design and their association бесбармака, a horse, horse milk, clothes, household items and other cultural and material values which surprise many tourists and scientists to this day. Associative maintenance of all above-mentioned occupying steppe zones and landscapes of Eurasia open wide prospect of revision about development of an early civilization of protoaryan and protokazakh tribes. Nauny interpretation "Besbarmak, dish consisting of boiled horse or mutton meat, is the most popular Kazakh dish. It is also called "five fingers" because of the way it is eaten. The chunks of boiled meat are cut and served by the host in order of the guests’ importance.
     Besbarmak is usually eaten with a boiled pasta sheet and a meat broth called shorpa," once again proves to and is traditionally served in Kazakh bowls called kese continuity of national culture with genesis of felt dwellings, a life and economic activity of early nomads (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine).

www.nomadshelter.com / nomadger@alaska.net
kathy@blueridgeyurts.com ,sharon@blueridgeyurts.com   
www.lfy.caEmail: info@lfy.ca
Таскескен танбалары жане Найман-кала тарихы. (Taskesken tanbalary jane Naiman-qala tarihy). Article’s  by  professor Muhamedrahim Kursabaev, http://doc.nlrk.kz/result/ebook_90/index.html#ps.


    Look the comment by Wikipedia:
«What is a Yurt? A Yurt is known as a Ger in Mongolia, or a Boyuz in Kyrgyzstan. The word Yurt itself is derived from Russian origins. The modern use of the word is to refer to a circular trellis-walled portable shelter.Yurts are traditional dwellings from central Asia that have been in use for hundreds if not thousands of years.
There are several varieties of Yurt and all share the essential circular shape, trellis walls, and roof poles radiating from a central wheel. Traditionally they were covered in felt sections though felt alone is only suitable in dry climates. Hence most modern Yurts have canvas covers with felt being used for insulating layers.
    Practical: The Yurts ancient design has survived the ages due to its immensely practical nature. It is portable and easy to install, being traditionally transported on horseback by nomadic herders. The harsh climate and extreme temperatures of the Asian steppe required a shelter that is stable in strong winds, well insulated, sustainable and comfortable. The Yurt has all these characteristics.
     Hearthworks Yurts: Hearthworks journey with Yurts began over five years ago with our first Yurt made from coppiced hazel with an ash roof wheel and oak door frame. Our Yurts are styled on the traditional Khazakh nomadic Yurts with steam bent roof poles and lightweight roof wheels. As well as making many fine Yurts for sale we have built up a lovely collection of Yurts for hire ranging from 12-32ft diameter. The larger Yurts make ideal outdoor event spaces for weddings and parties, especially when they are finished with Hearthworks luxurious range of fine furnishings.
     Materials: We now make our Yurt frames from locally sourced Ash – a durable traditional hardwood. All the wood is steam bent and fixed with pre-stretched nylon cord. We use coppiced hazel for the bracing on the roof wheel. We can also make the frames to your specifications, for example from Oak, or from coppiced Ash.
The covers are made from the best quality 12 oz/yd2 Cotton Canvas that is proofed against fire, water and rot. The main canvas is usually natural cotton colour but we can provide coloured trim on the roof wheel cover and valance.
     A Hearthworks Yurt cover consist of: Fitted canvas roof cover with double valance (flap ) around the edge under which the walls attach.
Peg loops from nylon webbing with pre-stretched nylon cord and Ash pegs.
Wall sections from canvas with turn button fasteners on the door, and PVC strip around the bottom section.
Roof-wheel cover from star-shaped canvas with clear vinyl central circle. Ties from nylon cord with Ash pegs.
    http://www.chrisblade.com/p767764047/h266BAB5E#h266bab5e. A traditional Kyrgyzstan felt yurt 

Customize. Decking Floors: You can customize your Yurt with features such as additional doorways, windows in the side wall, coloured canvas design, wood stove and flooring. Hearthworks offers exquisite decking flooring for Yurts that can be made in easy to bolt together sections. In our circular design the decking radiates out from the center. We can also make more simple wooden platforms from exterior plywood. You can choose to have decking made from either sustainable hardwood or pine, both of which are ideal for a permanent pitch. Please contact us for further details and prices of our range of wooden flooring.
Woodburning Stoves: We are now offering a great selection of Wood burning Stoves that come complete with flue pipe and silica roof plates.
    Kyrgyz Yurts. Traditionally the Kyrgyz were nomadic shepherds who lived in yurts and migrated seasonally with all their flocks. The yurt with its entire household was transported by horses or camels. The walls of yurt and the floor were covered with felt rugs (shyrdak) and felt carpets . The walls were decorated with reedy rugs (chij) that protected a yurt from wind and could be displaced easily. Since that time the size, the shape and the yurt inside have not been changed. The yurts are still used by shepherds in summer and for all year round it is used for traditional events.
Hearthworks are proud to be the sole U.K provider of traditional Kyrgyz Yurts. We are offering the full range of handcrafted frames, reed walls, felt covers and flooring, decorations and yak skin rugs.
A Kyrgyz yurt, is taller than the British yurt, with a steeper roof and smaller circumference. The Kyrgyz willow frame has more roof poles and trellis wood to withstand the harsh conditions in Central Asia. This makes the Kyrgyz Yurts more robust and ideal for a permanent pitch.
    Materials: Yurt Frame: Consists of Roof Wheel (Tunduk), Door Frame (Kashek), Roof Poles (Uuk) and Trellis (Kerege). The Frame is from steam bent willow and can be painted red or finished from linseed oil. All fixings are from rawhide with metal bolts on the wheels.
    Felt Cover: Complete Yurt cover from 100% pure sheep’s wool. It comes in separate sections for the roof and wall and is complete with hand woven woolen rope. This is available in natural grey colour only.
    Felt Decoration: This decorative Yurt accessory is known as a ‘Javyk Bash’ and consists of a colourful band of appliquéd feltwork. This surrounds the base of the roof section and the traditional patterns are visible from inside – creating a beautiful and authentic feel to the Yurt interior. Natural colours are also available.
     Reed Walls:  Known as ‘Chiy’. These walls of woven reed go between the Trellis and Felt Cover. The reeds are wrapped individually with wool to create bold, tribal designs that are seen through the Trellis walls.
    Felt Flooring: Complete circular felt floor that fits the Yurt exactly. This is made of different sections of ‘Shyrdak’ (appliquéd feltwork). It features the traditional Kyrgyz designs and is available in natural or bright colours. This is probably the most exquisite flooring available for a Yurt.
    Tradition. Although styles of architecture and city planning come and It is not possible to say which of the ancient nomadic tribes originally developed the traditional Yurt desig — but it is still in use by people throughout Central Asia and plays an important role in the lifestyle of the Kyrgyz people, the yurt remains a stable and lasting link with the past.
The number of his subjects in a traditional village was measured by counting the number of columns of smoke that would rise from each yurt. This technique is still used in Kyrgyz villages to count the number of households — even though in most modern villages the people live in brick houses.
For their yurts a family needs between 130 and 170 kilograms of wool and a family needs a flock of at least thirty-three sheep a year for basic sustenance.
The shepherds usually set up their yurts on high ground, from where they can easily oversee their livestock, and watch the surrounding world. They can also be seen in valleys beside a mountain stream. In autumn and winter, windless spots that lacked heavy snowfalls were preferred.
The Tunduk is an essential symbol of the Kyrgyz and was chosen as part of the emblem to represent the nation on the national flag. From the outside the yurt is covered by the reed walls. Finally the nearly finished structure is covered with a specially prepared thick felt.Usually a yurt is covered by several layers of felt — each layer fixed by strong strings to poles dug into the ground around the yurt.
     The tyunduk is partially covered with a felt mat, which in the daytime and in clear weather is folded back, whilst in the cold or rainy season can shut tightly against the hole in the roof and so preventing wind and rain from penetrating into the interior.
In stormy weather the occupants attach fine lassos to the ceiling. They are often mistaken for decoration, as their ends are large tassels of multi coloured threads hanging down from the tunduk. However, if necessary, they can be pulled down and attached to the poles in the middle of the yurt — which adds strength to the structure and helps it to withstand even very powerful storms.
The Kyrgyz refer to the yurt as the ‘grey house’. In ancient times ordinary nomads could not use the best quality felt to cover their yurts and they used the wool remains of black and grey colours. The khan's yurts would be dressed in snow-white felt and were called ‘ag-orgo’ or white yurts.
     Although most Kyrgyz now live in high-rise apartment blocks, they have a special affection for the yurt. Often, on the occasion of a birthday a yurt will be set up and guests invited. The yurt is also a place where the Kyrgyz gather for the funeral of their relatives», written the word. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurt

«A yurt is a portable, bent wood-framed dwelling structure traditionally used by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. The structure comprises a crown or compression wheel (tüýnük) usually steam bent, supported by roof ribs which are bent down at the end where they meet the lattice wall (again steam bent). The top of the wall is prevented from spreading by means of a tension band which opposes the force of the roof ribs. The structure is usually covered by layers of fabric and sheep's wool felt for insulation and weatherproofing. Yurt - originally from a Turkic word referring to the imprint left in the ground by a moved yurt, and by extension, sometimes a person's homeland, kinsmen, or feudal appanage. The term came to be used in reference to the physical tent-like dwellings only in other languages. In modern Turkish the word "yurt" is used as the synonym of homeland or a dormitory. In Russian the structure is called "yurta" (юрта), whence the word came into English.
Jurta is what Hungarians whose origins are in Central Asia use for Yurt.киізүй (transliterated: kïiz üy) – theKazakh word, and means "felt house".бозүй (transliterated: boz üy) - the Kyrgyz term is meaning "grey house", because of the color of the felt. Аk öý and gara öý - In Turkmen the term is both literally "white house" and "black house", depending on its luxury and elegance.Гэр (transliterated: ger) - in Mongolian simply means "home"."Kherga"/"Jirga" - Afghans call them ."Kheymah" (خیمه) is the word for a yurt or a tent like dwelling in Pakistan, from the Urdu (and Persian) :خیمه In Persian yurt is called xeyme (خیمه), in Tajik the names are yurt, xona-i siyoh, xayma (юрт, хонаисиёҳ, хайма).
Traditional yurts consist of an expanding wooden circular frame carrying a felt cover. The felt is made from the wool of the flocks of sheep that accompany the pastoralists. The timber to make the external structure is not to be found on the treeless steppes, and must be obtained by trade in the valleys below.
The frame consists of one or more expanding lattice wall-sections, a door-frame, bent roof poles and a crown. The Mongolian Ger has one or more columns to support the crown and straight roof poles. The (self-supporting) wood frame is covered with pieces of felt. Depending on availability, the felt is additionally covered with canvas and/or sun-covers. The frame is held together with one or more ropes or ribbons. The structure is kept under compression by the weight of the covers, sometimes supplemented by a heavy weight hung from the center of the roof. They vary with different sizes, and relative weight.The traditional decoration within a yurt is primarily pattern based. These patterns are generally not according to taste, but are derived from sacred ornaments with certain symbolism. Symbols representing strength are among the most common, including the khas (swastika) and four powerful beasts (lion, tiger, garuda and dragon), as well as stylized representations of the five elements (fire, water, earth, metal, and wood), considered to be the fundamental, unchanging elements of the cosmos. Such patterns are commonly used in the home with the belief that they will bring strength and offer protection.
Repeating geometric patterns are also widely used. The most widespread geometric pattern is the continuous hammer or walking pattern (alkhan khee). Commonly used as a border decoration it represents unending strength and constant movement. Another common pattern is the ulzii which as a symbol of long life and happiness. The khamar ugalz (nose pattern) and ever ugalz (horn pattern) are derived from the shape of the animal's nose and horns, and are the oldest traditional patterns. All patterns can be found among not only the yurts themselves, but also on embroidery, furniture, books, clothing, doors, and other objects.
The wooden crown of the yurt (Mongolian: тооно, [tɔːn]; Kazakh: шаңырақ [ʃɑɴərɑ́q]; Kyrgyz: түндүк [tyndýk]; Turkmen: tüýnük) is itself emblematic in many Central Asian cultures. In old Kazakh communities, the yurt itself would often be repaired and rebuilt, but the shangrak would remain intact, passed from father to son upon the father's death. A family's length of heritage could be measured by the accumulation of stains on the shangrak from decades of smoke passing through it. A stylized version of the crown is in the center of the coat of arms of Kazakhstan, and forms the main image on the flag of KyrgyzstanToday the yurt is seen as a nationalistic symbol among many Central Asian groups, and as such, yurts may be used as cafés (especially those specialising in traditional food), museums (especially relating to national culture), and souvenir shops.Buddhist symbol dharmachakra is represented by the khorlo (Tib: འཀོར་ལོ།) toono. Other Buddhist symbols--khadag (Tib: ཁ་བཏགས་) hangs from the toono and dpaljibeu (Tib: དཔལ་གྱི་བེའུ) is present on the stove.
    The design of the Mongolian Ger developed from its ancient simple forms to actively integrate with Buddhist culture. The crown—toono adopted the shape of Dharmachakra. The earlier style of toono, nowadays more readily found in Central Asian yurts, is called in Mongolia "sarkhinag toono" while the toono representing Buddhist dharmachakra is called "khorlo" (Tibetan འཀོར་ལོ།) toono. Also the shapes, colors and ornaments of the wooden elements—toono, pillars and poles of the Mongolian yurt are in accord with the artistic style found in Buddhist monasteries of Mongolia. Such yurts are called "uyangiin ger" -- literally meaning "home of lyrics" or "home of melodies"» practically repeat terms and elements of a yurt design nomads in the Steppe zone of Eurasia [15].



  The communication platform on portale http://www.bal-turan.kz/content/kiiz-yi   quite successfully describes basic elements of a design of the Kazakh yurt.     
Description of details of the Kazakh yurta completely coincide with research materials which the academic of AlkeyMargulan had.

    Proceeding from the following material and based on research works of scientists and fans of this material we decided to describe some details of the Kazakh yurta in detail.

   Basis the element of a yurta is "Yurtsyiek" - a yurt bone. There "Kerege" - slanting wood-stick lattices (1), after "Uyq" - the long bent sticks reminding beams of the sun (2), and the main sacred subject of a yurt of "Shanyrak" - reminding a roof of the world (3) and wooden "Esik" door enter.
    "Kerege" reminding a cage of a human body is an indisputable element connecting life and activity of the person with world around. The place of each linking of "Kerege" is called as "Zheli" (1). If it muddy that carries the name "Eris" if nedinny "Balashyq", and short call "Saganaq".

     The word "Shanyrak" has philosophical value for the Kazakh. It is border of communication of the person with space. The yurt complex depends on it all structures and reliability architectural where is capable to sustain to the snow layer 2nd tone. It is made from strong trees of "Aq-kaiyn" (silver birch) and "Sambi tal" where generally grow near the river. The bent sticks of "Kuldreuish" consists from 3 to 8 branches (2). "Togyn" (1) rounded a silver birch with dredging similar to eyes of the person of "Kozi" (4) takes a special place. Wooden linking of "Beriktik" (3) the real support for "Shanyrak".
     "Uyq" - the long bent sticks reminding beams of the sun the sheep and cows of "Uyqbau" (5) and an extreme bend of a shoulder of a stick of "Uyqiygy" (2) has the bend-framed form "Dogalay" (1) with small ropes processed of a skin.
   Distance between "Uyq" and "Shanyrak" is called "Kary" (3) and the sharp end of a stick which is tied on "Shanyrak" has the name "Qalam". The tree of a yurt of "Esik" or "Sykyrlauyq" has forward part of "Mandaisha" (1) wooden rack of "Bosaga", the lower part of "Zhaktau" (4) and a poddvernik of "Tabaldyryk" (5). The word "Tabaldyryk" has magic and philosophical values.
     In the course of research methods of the scientific and experimental and scientific and analytical direction (a choice of scientific subjects, analysis, classification of scientific development and research subjects, fixing of similar subjects and experimental works, visit of museums, sociological poll, analysis of comments, conversation and questioning, participation in webinars and discussion etc.) were used.
     Philosophical  and an ecologo conseption of a yurta became object of research of many of a scientific world where the main component is mathematical modeling of a design which are made from environmentally friendly materials (the wood, biological waste of animals, wool, a bone, a bush, a skin).  Today in the world the yurt is object of travel business.  In Alaska (USA), vangliya, in Australia and in many countries are developed business plans for advance of yurt tourism as effective instrument of energy saving technology.
     Kazakhstan as the homeland of felt dwellings nomads the world has to become a leader of this project.  The yurt as a unique design is inseparably linked with associative to  components:  ethnic cuisine, ethnomusical instruments, national suits and patterns, jeweler and applied arts, a meal and an armor, tradition and customs and oral national  which are accompanied in the course of implementation of this project.
      We consider, expedient promotion of this project in society making use of centuries-old experience and an ethnocultural heritage of nomadic ethnoses of the world (Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Mongol, Uzbek, Kalmyk the Turkmen, Afgan, the American indians, the African tribes, Eskimos etc.) and as an effective solution of "society greening" on purpose Vlad's introduction for implementation of the global program of "green technology".
     Due to the above materials us the perspective and constructive solution of this problem that became a basis for identification of the purpose and a problem of our research moves forward.

 Main objectives of the project:
- on the basis of scientific materials and empirical national (nonconventional) knowledge of environment to develop model of the Kazakh yurt as the effective instrument of energy saving technology in the world of the tourist industry;
-    to design modern system of a tourist product on the basis of a classical architectural design of the Kazakh yurt as standard of "green technology";  
Main objectives:
- placement (classical design, construction, reconstruction) the yurt small town (residential district) in the territory of the World Fair "EXRO 2017 Astana Kazakhstan", in the large cities and the tourist centers; idea advance "Yurt tourism" in the science world;
-  creation of a museum of history of the Kazakh yurt and felt dwellings nomads the world (the project is attached);
- carrying out international conference "Kazakh steppe homeland of felt dwellings nomads world";
- release electronic and scientific educational and methodical a grant for school students and "Yurtology" students;


The list of the used literatures and the Internet of resources

3. «Roger Jones Golf & Leisure Ltd» (USA), Innovative Tourisn Advisors (THR),  «Системный план развития туризма зоны Кендерли», Презентация окончательного отчета, System Plan for Tourism Development in the Kenderli Area,SKS Studio+SB Architects+Roger Jones Golf & Leisure Ltd, 16.11.2012
4.«Системный план развития туризма зоны Кендерли», Презентация окончательного отчета, System Plan for Tourism Development in the Kenderli Area,SKS Studio+SB Architects+Roger Jones Golf & Leisure Ltd, 16.11.2012)
5. «Мастер план кластерной программы развития туризма Восточно-Казахстанской области, Presentation East Kazakhstan Report part, Iter Persona Kosmos (IPK) Barbara Postel, Rudolf Viеnands (Germany),
9. Туристік сфера және Интернет жүйесі. Мыркасымова Г.Н. магистр, Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ, І Республикалық «ЕХРО 2017 және балалар» оқушылар мен студенттердің ғылыми жобалар сайысының материалдары. Астана, 2013, 325 бет.http://www.facebook.com/pages

10. http://mr_kursabaev.yvision.kz/post/317126. The Kazakh High Land (Steppe) – the native land of felt dwellings Nomad of the world.Модераторы Аяпбекова А.Е, Габдуллина М.Х, Курсабаев М.К, Университет «Туран-Астана»(29.01.2013).

11. Шаңырақ : Үй-тұрмыстық энциклопедиясы. Алматы : Қаз.Сов.энцикл.Бас ред., 1990 ISBN 5-89800-008-9
12. Орысша-қазақша түсіндірме сөздік: Механика / Жалпы редакциясын басқарған э.ғ.д., профессор Е. Арын - Павлодар : «ЭКО»ҒӨФ. 2007.-29 1 б. ISBN 9965-08-234-0
13. Отырар. Энциклопедия. – Алматы. «Арыс» баспасы, 2005 ISBN 9965-17-272-2
17. Маргулан А.Х. Казахская юрта и ее убранство, М: 1970
18. Курсабаев М.К. Астана көнеарий тайпалары мекені.Казах-нама.Qazaq-nama. Шығармалар жинағы, 314-323 бет, Астана, 2008, 506 бет, http://doc.nlrk.kz/result/ebook_90/index.html#ps.
19."The exploitation of horses at Botai, Kazakhstan". In Levine, Marsha; Renfrew, Colin; Boyle, Katie. Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse. Cambridge: McDonald Institute. pp. 83–104. ISBN 1-902937-09-0.
20.Bendry, Robin (2007). "New methods for the identification of evidence for bitting on horse remains from archaeological sites". Journal of Archaeological Science 34 (7): 1036–1050.
21.The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking. Alan K. Outram,Natalie A. Stear,Robin Bendrey,Sandra Olsen,Alexei Kasparov,Victor Zaibert, Nick Thorpe,Richard P. Evershed. http://www.reading.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/r-bendrey.aspx
22.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Treatise_on_Koumiss.jpg .Scan of the title page of 1877 book A Treaty on Koumiss' or, Milk Champagne: The great Russian remedy for wasting, debilitating, and nervous diseases. Written by A. Meyers, published in San Francisco, U.S.A.

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